Music therapy beneficial for depression

Music therapy beneficial for depression

Brian McAvoy
PEARLS No.
580
Clinical question

Compared with treatment as usual (TAU) and psychological, pharmacological and/or other therapies, how effective is music therapy for depression?

Bottom line

Music therapy, when added to TAU (eg, psychotherapy in combination with medication, collaborative care, occupational therapy), helped people affected by depressive disorders, such as major depression, by improving symptoms related to the condition (moderate-quality evidence) and its most frequent comorbidities, such as anxiety (low quality). Additionally, social, occupational and psychological functioning might improve among individuals who are involved in music therapy in addition to TAU (low quality). Music therapy was not associated with more or fewer adverse events than TAU (low quality). There were no differences in improving depressive symptoms between a music therapy intervention and a psychological therapy or medication only. There were also no differences between active and receptive music therapy approaches (very low-quality evidence).

Caveat

When providing music therapy, clinicians must be mindful that the specific methods and techniques of music therapy, including (among others) adaptation of musical material to individual needs, musical improvisation and discussion of personal topics emerging through musical processes, require specialised music therapy training.

Context

Depression is a common problem that causes changes in mood and loss of interest and pleasure. Music therapy, an intervention that involves regular meetings with a qualified music therapist, may help in modulating moods and emotions.

Cochrane Systematic Review

Aalbers S et al. Music therapy for depression. Cochrane Reviews, 2017, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD004517.DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD004517.pub3. This review contains 9 studies involving 421 participants.


Cochrane Systematic Reviews for primary care practitioners – developed by the Cochrane Primary Care Field, New Zealand Branch of the Australasian Cochrane Centre at the Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland and funded by the Ministry of Health. Brian McAvoy is an honorary/adjunct professor of general practice at the Universities of Auckland, Melbourne, Monash and Queensland.New Zealanders can access the Cochrane Library free via nz.cochrane.org