Acute low back pain

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3. Wu A, March L, Zheng X, et al. Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Ann Transl Med 2020;8(6):299.
4. National Health Committee. Low Back Pain (LBP) Tier 2 Assessment. November 2015. health.govt.nz
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7. Oliveira CB, Maher CG, Pinto RZ, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: an updated overview. Eur Spine J 2018;27(11):2791–803.
8. Verhagen AP, Downie A, Popal N, et al. Red flags presented in current low back pain guidelines: a review. Eur Spine J 2016;25(9):2788–802.
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11. Hill JC, Whitehurst DG, Lewis M, et al. Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2011;378(9802):1560–71.
12. Whitehurst DG, Bryan S, Lewis M, et al. Exploring the cost-utility of stratified primary care management for low back pain compared with current best practice within risk-defined subgroups. Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71(11):1796–802.
13. Foster NE, Mullis R, Hill JC, et al. Effect of stratified care for low back pain in family practice (IMPaCT Back): a prospective population-based sequential comparison. Ann Fam Med 2014;12(2):102–11.
14. Sowden G, Hill JC, Konstantinou K, et al. Targeted treatment in primary care for low back pain: the treatment system and clinical training programmes used in the IMPaCT Back study (ISRCTN 55174281). Fam Pract 2012;29(1):50–62.
15. ACC. New Zealand Acute Low Back Pain Guide. Wellington, NZ: ACC; 2004. healthnavigator.org.nz
16. O'Sullivan K, O'Keeffe M, O'Sullivan P. NICE low back pain guidelines: opportunities and obstacles to change practice. Br J Sports Med 2017;51(22):1632–33.

Further reading

STarT Back references:

Hill JC, Whitehurst DG, Lewis M, et al. Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2011;378(9802):1560–71.

Sowden G, Hill JC, Konstantinou K, et al. Targeted treatment in primary care for low back pain: the treatment system and clinical training programmes used in the IMPaCT Back study (ISRCTN 55174281). Fam Pract 2012;29(1):50–62.

The Lancet series on LBP:

Hartvigsen J, Hancock MJ, Kongsted A, et al. What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention. Lancet 2018;391(10137):2356–67.

Foster NE, Anema JR, Cherkin D, et al. Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions. Lancet 2018;391(10137):2368–83.

Buchbinder R, van Tulder M, Öberg B, et al. Low back pain: a call for action. Lancet 2018;391(10137):2384–88.

International guidelines:

Oliveira CB, Maher CG, Pinto RZ, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care: an updated overview. Eur Spine J 2018;27(11):2791–803.

Verhagen AP, Downie A, Popal N, et al. Red flags presented in current low back pain guidelines: a review. Eur Spine J 2016;25(9):2788–802.