Is the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system acceptable and safe for women with heavy menstrual bleeding?

Is the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system acceptable and safe for women with heavy menstrual bleeding?

Vanessa Jordan
PEARLS No.
660
Clinical question

What is the effectiveness, acceptability and safety of progestogen‐releasing intrauterine devices in reducing heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB)?

Bottom line

The levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system results in a larger reduction in menstrual blood loss from baseline in women with HMB compared with other medical treatments or placebo, including in selected women with fibroids. It appears to be more effective than oral medical therapies and results in better quality of life, higher satisfaction with treatment and lower withdrawal from treatment at two years. Both the LNG‐IUS and hysterectomy improve health‐related quality of life, which is most apparent within the 5 years after treatment. Although many women treated with the LNG‐IUS eventually have a hysterectomy (up to 46% within 10 years), the LNG‐IUS remains a cost-effective option.

Caveat

The LNG‐IUS was associated with a number of progestogen‐related adverse events in the included studies, but there was no evidence that these effects resulted in increased withdrawal from treatment. Incidence of ovarian cysts increased, but these were generally symptomless and had a high rate of resolution. Limitations in the evidence included inadequate reporting of study methods and heterogeneity, resulting in most of the evidence to be considered of low to moderate quality.

Context

HMB impacts the quality of life of otherwise healthy women. The perception of HMB is subjective, and management depends on, among other factors, the severity of the symptoms, a woman's age, her wish to get pregnant and the presence of other pathologies. HMB was classically defined as ≥80ml of blood loss per menstrual cycle. Currently, the definition is based on the woman's perception of excessive bleeding that is affecting her quality of life.

Cochrane Systematic Review

Bofill Rodriguez M, et al. Progestogen‐releasing intrauterine systems for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD002126. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002126.pub4. This review contains 25 trials with a total of 2511 participants.