Respiratory physician Lutz Beckert considers chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management, including the prevention of COPD, the importance of smoking cessation and pulmonary rehabilitation, and the lifesaving potential of addressing treatable traits. He also discusses the logic of inhaler therapy, moving from single therapy to dual and triple therapy when indicated, as well as other aspects of management
Range of interventions effective for emergency contraception
Vault Navigation
Range of interventions effective for emergency contraception
How effective are emergency contraception methods in preventing pregnancy following unprotected intercourse?
Levonorgestrel and mid‐dose mifepristone (25–50mg) were more effective than the Yuzpe regimen (oestradiol–levonorgestrel combination). Both mid‐dose (25–50mg) and low‐dose mifepristone (<25mg) were probably more effective than levonorgestrel (1.5mg). Low‐dose mifepristone (<25mg) was less effective than mid‐dose mifepristone. Ulipristal acetate may be more effective than levonorgestrel.
Levonorgestrel users had fewer side effects than Yuzpe users and appeared to be more likely to have menses return before the expected date. UPA users were probably more likely to have menses return after the expected date. Menstrual delay was probably the main adverse effect of mifepristone and seemed to be dose related. Copper intrauterine devices may be associated with higher risks of abdominal pain than emergency contraceptive pills.
The quality of the evidence for the primary outcome (observed number of pregnancies) ranged from moderate to high, and for other outcomes ranged from low to high. The main limitations were risk of bias (associated with poor reporting of methods), imprecision and inconsistency.
Emergency contraception involves using a drug or a copper IUD to prevent pregnancy shortly after unprotected intercourse. Several interventions are available. Information on the comparative effectiveness, safety and convenience of these methods is crucial for reproductive healthcare providers and the women they serve.
Shen J et al. Interventions for emergency contraception. Cochrane Reviews, 2019, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001324. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001324.pub6. This review contains 115 studies involving 60,479 participants.