Respiratory physician Lutz Beckert considers chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management, including the prevention of COPD, the importance of smoking cessation and pulmonary rehabilitation, and the lifesaving potential of addressing treatable traits. He also discusses the logic of inhaler therapy, moving from single therapy to dual and triple therapy when indicated, as well as other aspects of management
Cow’s milk protein allergy arising in infancy has two mechanisms
Cow’s milk protein allergy arising in infancy has two mechanisms

IgE-mediated milk protein allergy is likely to be easy to diagnose, but the delayed symptoms of non IgE-mediated milk allergy are harder to diagnose and to manage. This update on milk allergy also dispels some misconceptions around “lactose intolerance” in babies
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1. Koletzko S, Niggeman B, Arato A et al. Diagnostic approach and management of cow’s milk protein allergy in infants and children: ESPGHAN GI Committee practical guidelines. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012 Aug;55(2):221–29.
2. Vandenplas Y. Prevention and management of cow’s milk allergy in non-exclusively breastfed infants. Nutrients. July 2017;9(7);731. doi:10.3390/nu9070731 [Free access].