Pharmacist prescribers Linda Bryant and Leanne Te Karu discuss positive polypharmacy for heart failure. Current evidence shows the intensive implementation of four medications offers the greatest benefit to most patients with heart failure, with significant reductions in cardiovascular mortality, heart failure hospitalisations and all-cause mortality
Sight-saving corneal transplantation: A continuously evolving procedure
Sight-saving corneal transplantation: A continuously evolving procedure

Corneal transplantation techniques have progressed significantly over the last 15 years – the more targeted, partial-thickness techniques offer superior visual outcomes, faster recovery and a reduced risk of complications compared with the traditional full-thickness method
1. Kim BZ, Meyer JJ, Brookes NH, et al. New Zealand trends in corneal transplantation over the 25 years 1991-2015. Br J Ophthalmol 2017;101(6):834–38.
2. Ziaei M, Barsam A, Shamie N, et al. Reshaping procedures for the surgical management of corneal ectasia. J Cataract Refract Surg 2015;41(4):842–72.
3. Arnalich-Montiel F, Alio Del Barrio JL, Alio JL. Corneal surgery in keratoconus: which type, which technique, which outcomes? Eye Vis (Lond) 2016;3:2.
4. Keane M, Coster D, Ziaei M, et al. Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty for treating keratoconus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014(7):CD009700.
5. Song Y, Zhang J, Pan Z. Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty versus deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty for keratoconus. Exp Clin Transplant 2020;18(4):417–28.
6. Coster DJ, Lowe MT, Keane MC, et al. A comparison of lamellar and penetrating keratoplasty outcomes: a registry study. Ophthalmology 2014;121(5):979–87.
7. Heinzelmann S, Bohringer D, Eberwein P, et al. Outcomes of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty, Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty from a single centre study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016;254(3):515–22.
8. Woo JH, Ang M, Htoon HM, et al. Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty versus Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol 2019;207:288–303.
9. Guilbert E, Bullet J, Sandali O, et al. Long-term rejection incidence and reversibility after penetrating and lamellar keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol 2013;155(3):560–69.e2.
10. Price MO, Thompson RW, Price FW. Risk factors for various causes of failure in initial corneal grafts. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121(8):1087–92.
11. Ziaei M, Greene C, Green CR. Wound healing in the eye: Therapeutic prospects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018;126:162–76.
12. Ziaei M, Zhang J, Patel DV, at al. Umbilical cord stem cells in the treatment of corneal disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2017;62(6):803–15.
13. Okumura N, Kinoshita S, Koizumi N. Application of Rho kinase inhibitors for the treatment of corneal endothelial diseases. J Ophthalmol 2017;2017:2646904.