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Medical correspondent Jim Vause explains the differences across three popular manipulation therapies –chiropractic, osteopathy and physiotherapy – and checks the evidence
Salzberg S. Osteopathic physicians versus doctors. Forbes. Online 27 October 2010. https://www.forbes.com/sites/sciencebiz/2010/10/27/osteopaths-versus-doctors/?sh=57ae9fea1033
Rubinstein SM, De Zoete A, Van Middelkoop M, et al. Benefits and harms of spinal manipulative therapy for the treatment of chronic low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2019;364:l689. Online 13 March 2019. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30867144/
Guillaud A, Darbois N, Monvoisin R, et al. Reliability of diagnosis and clinical efficacy of visceral osteopathy: a systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018;18:65. Online 17 February 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5816506/
Turner R, Lucke-Wold B, Boo S, et al. The potential dangers of neck manipulation & risk for dissection and devastating stroke: An illustrative case & review of the literature. Biomed Res Rev 2018;2(1). Online 25 March 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6016850/
Nielsen SM, Tarp S, Christensen R, et al. The risk associated with spinal manipulation: an overview of reviews. Syst Rev 2017;6,64. Online 24 March 2017. https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13643-017-0458-y
Pharmacist prescribers Linda Bryant and Leanne Te Karu discuss positive polypharmacy for heart failure. Current evidence shows the intensive implementation of four medications offers the greatest benefit to most patients with heart failure, with significant reductions in cardiovascular mortality, heart failure hospitalisations and all-cause mortality
