Specialist GP Nikki Vadgama provides some tips to make your next paediatric eczema consult easier. She includes a review of new guidelines, resources, websites and medications for paediatric eczema management
Considering medicine adjustments in patients with renal impairment
Considering medicine adjustments in patients with renal impairment
![Bowls](/sites/default/files/styles/cropped_image_16_7_/public/2023-09/Pharma_Bowls_CR_Mark%20Timberlake%20on%20Unsplash.jpg?itok=SjBFRAid)
This article looks at the suitability and dosing of different medicines in patients with reduced kidney function
1. Wang X, Tang J, Shen C, et al. Research progress of population pharmacokinetic of metformin. Biomed Res Int 2022;2022:4071111.
2. Kuan IHS, Wilson LC, Leishman JC, et al. Metformin doses to ensure efficacy and safety in patients with reduced kidney function. PLoS One 2021;16(2):e0246247.
3. Song A, Zhang C, Meng X. Mechanism and application of metformin in kidney diseases: An update. Biomed Pharmacother 2021;138:111454.
4. Salpeter SR, Greyber E, Pasternak GA, Salpeter EE. Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;2010(4):CD002967.
5. Kuan IHS, Savage RL, Duffull SB, et al. The association between metformin therapy and lactic acidosis. Drug Saf 2019;42(12):1449–69.
6. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Diabetes Work Group. KDIGO 2022 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2022;102(5S):S1–127.
7. Colagiuri S, Matthews D, Leiter LA, et al. The place of gliclazide MR in the evolving type 2 diabetes landscape: A comparison with other sulfonylureas and newer oral antihyperglycemic agents. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018;143:1–14.
8. Courtois P, Sener A, Herbaut C, et al. Pharmacokinetics of gliquidone, glibenclamide, gliclazide and glipizide in middle-aged and aged subjects. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 1999;103(2):211–22.
9. van Dalem J, Brouwers MC, Stehouwer CD, et al. Risk of hypoglycaemia in users of sulphonylureas compared with metformin in relation to renal function and sulphonylurea metabolite group: population based cohort study. BMJ 2016;354:i3625.
10. Andersen SE, Christensen M. Hypoglycaemia when adding sulphonylurea to metformin: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016;82(5):1291–302.
11. Teles F, Peçanha de Miranda Coelho JA, Albino RM, et al. Effectiveness of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics in advanced chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail 2023;45(1):2163903.
12. Pham NT, Owen JG, Singh N, Shaffi SK. The use of thiazide diuretics for the treatment of hypertension in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. Cardiol Rev 2023;31(2):99–107.
13. Priamvada GS, Divyadarshini DS, Voora R. Use of thiazides to treat hypertension and advanced CKD. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022;24(12):2131–37.
14. New Zealand Society for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes and driving. In: Type 2 Diabetes Management Guidelines. 2023.